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# TSVECTOR

The `TSVECTOR` [data type](/docs/stable/data-types.md) stores a list of lexemes, optionally with integer positions and weights. `TSVECTOR` values are used in [full-text search](/docs/stable/full-text-search.md).

## Syntax

A `TSVECTOR` comprises individual lexemes in the form: `'These' 'lexemes' 'are' 'not' 'normalized' 'lexemes.'`.

You can optionally add the following to each lexeme:

* One or more comma-separated integer positions:

  `'These':1 'lexemes':2 'are':3 'not':4 'normalized':5 'lexemes.':6`

* A weight letter (`A`, `B`, `C`, or `D`), in combination with an integer position:

  `'These':1 'lexemes':2B 'are':3 'not':4 'normalized':5A 'lexemes.':6B`

  If not specified, a lexeme's weight defaults to `D`. The lexemes in a `TSQUERY` and `TSVECTOR` will only match if they have matching weights. For more information about weights, see the [PostgreSQL documentation](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/datatype-textsearch.html#DATATYPE-TSVECTOR).

To be usable in [full-text search](/docs/stable/full-text-search.md), the lexemes **must be normalized**. You can do this by using the `to_tsvector()` [built-in function](/docs/stable/functions-and-operators.md#full-text-search-functions) to convert a string input to `TSVECTOR`:

```sql theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-mocha","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
SELECT to_tsvector('These lexemes are not normalized lexemes.');
```

```
       to_tsvector
--------------------------
  'lexem':2,6 'normal':5
```

Normalization removes the following from the input:

* Derivatives of words, which are reduced using a [stemming](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemming) algorithm.
* *Stop words*. These are words that are considered not useful for indexing and searching, based on the [text search configuration](/docs/stable/full-text-search.md#text-search-configuration). In the preceding example, "These", "are", and "not" are identified as stop words.
* Punctuation and capitalization.

In the preceding output, the integers indicate that `normal` is in the fifth position and `lexem` is in both the second and sixth position in the input.

## Examples

For usage examples, see [Full-Text Search](/docs/stable/full-text-search.md).

## See also

* [Full-Text Search](/docs/stable/full-text-search.md)
* [`TSQUERY`](/docs/stable/tsquery)
* [Data Types](/docs/stable/data-types.md)