> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://cockroachlabs.mintlify.site/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # ST_Union export const InternalLink = ({version, path = "", children, ...props}) => { let detectedVersion = version || "stable"; if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && !version) { const match = window.location.pathname.match(/\/docs\/([^/]+)/); if (match) { detectedVersion = match[1]; } } const normalizedPath = path.startsWith("/") ? path.slice(1) : path; return {children} ; }; Given a set of shapes (e.g., from a selection query), `ST_Union` combines that set of shapes into a single shape. The resulting shape can then be passed to functions that operate on a single shape, such as `ST_ConvexHull`. `ST_Union` works on the following data types: * `GEOMETRY` The non-aggregate version of `ST_Union` is not yet implemented. Unlike `ST_Collect`, which does not change the shapes it operates on and merely gathers them into a collection, `ST_Union` modifies the shapes it operates on, merging them together. ## Examples In this example, we will generate a single geometry from many individual points using `ST_Union`. 1. Create a temporary table to hold all the points, which will be in Well Known Text (WKT) format: ```sql theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-mocha","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}} CREATE TABLE tmp (ID UUID DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(), geom_text STRING); ``` 2. Insert the points with the following statement: ```sql theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-mocha","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}} INSERT INTO tmp (geom_text) VALUES ('POINT (-73.962090000000003 40.609226)'), ('POINT (-74.007309000000006 40.619892)'), ('POINT (-73.949724000000003 41.498103999999998)'), ('POINT (-72.390808000000007 40.961891999999999)'), ('POINT (-77.937476000000004 43.218451000000002)'), ('POINT (-73.842978000000002 40.944997999999998)'), ('POINT (-73.928291999999999 40.680906999999998)'), ('POINT (-73.914484999999999 40.775554)'), ('POINT (-73.993281999999994 40.722833000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.900373999999999 41.691662000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.787897999999998 42.250467)'), ('POINT (-75.062138000000004 42.454003)'), ('POINT (-73.992576 40.753692000000001)'), ('POINT (-75.647559999999999 44.590586000000002)'), ('POINT (-73.698974000000007 40.832500000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.957140999999993 40.728864000000002)'), ('POINT (-73.954773000000003 40.732667999999997)'), ('POINT (-74.024456000000001 41.521116999999997)'), ('POINT (-73.785302000000001 43.081800000000001)'), ('POINT (-74.860436000000007 43.040708000000002)'), ('POINT (-74.001165999999998 40.687367000000002)'), ('POINT (-78.809790000000007 42.845362000000002)'), ('POINT (-75.061370999999994 41.608192000000003)'), ('POINT (-76.499137000000005 42.440623000000002)'), ('POINT (-73.379208000000006 43.027712000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.684466999999998 41.259498000000001)'), ('POINT (-74.003300999999993 40.706865999999998)'), ('POINT (-76.384369000000007 43.034204000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.983408999999995 40.723255000000002)'), ('POINT (-74.670794000000001 42.371471999999997)'), ('POINT (-73.963970000000003 40.804766999999998)'), ('POINT (-73.989228999999995 40.743865)'), ('POINT (-73.487143000000003 42.587166000000003)'), ('POINT (-78.608046999999999 42.767758999999998)'), ('POINT (-78.824476000000004 42.754263999999999)'), ('POINT (-72.185676999999998 40.963121999999998)'), ('POINT (-78.639556999999996 43.001435000000001)'), ('POINT (-77.428916999999998 43.212463)'), ('POINT (-73.964771999999996 40.770071999999999)'), ('POINT (-73.937073999999996 40.578499000000001)'), ('POINT (-74.076237000000006 40.636749000000002)'), ('POINT (-73.923480999999995 41.091296)'), ('POINT (-78.00206 42.718395000000001)'), ('POINT (-74.992647000000005 43.018610000000002)'), ('POINT (-73.991900000000001 40.683962000000001)'), ('POINT (-74.119761999999994 42.040447)'), ('POINT (-73.955706000000006 40.785203000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.698363000000001 42.709778)'), ('POINT (-75.296575000000004 43.098322000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.804747000000006 42.709560000000003)'), ('POINT (-79.326158000000007 42.102457000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.938518000000002 40.837735000000002)'), ('POINT (-73.976410999999999 40.672561999999999)'), ('POINT (-73.978993000000003 40.745123999999997)'), ('POINT (-77.587306999999996 43.159300999999999)'), ('POINT (-74.001251999999994 40.734977000000001)'), ('POINT (-76.206723999999994 43.102012000000002)'), ('POINT (-78.876722000000001 42.922820999999999)'), ('POINT (-73.495369999999994 44.703318000000003)'), ('POINT (-79.052965999999998 43.105055)'), ('POINT (-73.551120999999995 41.189729)'), ('POINT (-73.760520999999997 40.809649999999998)'), ('POINT (-73.952360999999996 42.077744000000003)'), ('POINT (-76.511525000000006 43.456606000000001)'), ('POINT (-75.036815000000004 42.448793000000002)'), ('POINT (-75.544407000000007 42.826815000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.686974000000006 40.724902)'), ('POINT (-77.582922999999994 43.154963000000002)'), ('POINT (-78.836257000000003 42.960456999999998)'), ('POINT (-73.919056999999995 41.091124999999998)'), ('POINT (-73.998487999999995 40.733795999999998)'), ('POINT (-73.939606999999995 40.815913000000002)'), ('POINT (-74.058107000000007 41.083153000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.991060000000004 40.733919)'), ('POINT (-73.967905000000002 40.758032999999998)'), ('POINT (-73.875281000000001 41.016382999999998)'), ('POINT (-77.134634000000005 42.961303000000001)'), ('POINT (-78.885418999999999 42.906629000000002)'), ('POINT (-73.553145999999998 40.665826000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.834867000000003 42.621578999999997)'), ('POINT (-73.982307000000006 40.752575)'), ('POINT (-77.816855000000004 42.795613000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.962288000000001 40.671320999999999)'), ('POINT (-72.354918999999995 41.083874999999999)'), ('POINT (-73.965331000000006 40.806128999999999)'), ('POINT (-74.080895999999996 41.844256000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.942249000000004 40.812187000000002)'), ('POINT (-73.974255999999997 40.783757999999999)'), ('POINT (-73.990206999999998 40.754969000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.601747000000003 41.562685000000002)'), ('POINT (-74.117880999999997 42.040733000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.979851999999994 40.664327999999998)'), ('POINT (-73.960042999999999 40.657589000000002)'), ('POINT (-74.009314000000003 40.715324000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.903509 40.703226000000001)'), ('POINT (-74.030330000000006 40.624713999999997)'), ('POINT (-73.909406000000004 40.814979000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.903160999999997 40.744929999999997)'), ('POINT (-73.504622999999995 41.952860000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.865554000000003 42.219304000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.981960000000001 40.766441)'), ('POINT (-73.913732999999993 40.698230000000002)'), ('POINT (-73.596703000000005 40.874966000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.974082999999993 40.686098000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.996341999999999 40.725087000000002)'), ('POINT (-73.595579999999998 42.363210000000002)'), ('POINT (-73.952259999999995 40.674118999999997)'), ('POINT (-73.993341000000001 40.730010999999998)'), ('POINT (-73.989086999999998 40.721902)'), ('POINT (-73.955855999999997 40.655028000000001)'), ('POINT (-74.002930000000006 40.731848999999997)'), ('POINT (-76.086753000000002 44.242874)'), ('POINT (-73.839067 42.681877999999998)'), ('POINT (-74.020105000000001 41.935105)'), ('POINT (-73.980250999999996 44.279376999999997)'), ('POINT (-74.085936000000004 41.747742000000002)'), ('POINT (-77.227361999999999 43.063468)'), ('POINT (-74.093547000000001 40.924697999999999)'), ('POINT (-74.986999999999995 44.669899999999998)'), ('POINT (-73.793597000000005 41.135866)'), ('POINT (-78.889482000000001 42.924545000000002)'), ('POINT (-73.914946 41.936036999999999)'), ('POINT (-73.9071 41.721612999999998)'), ('POINT (-73.993579999999994 40.736569000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.900388000000007 41.691189000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.989261999999997 40.663339000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.918380999999997 41.090746000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.862252999999995 40.839613)'), ('POINT (-73.806933000000001 40.989787999999997)'), ('POINT (-73.635006000000004 40.744909)'), ('POINT (-73.794276999999994 41.008797000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.759060000000005 41.022123000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.711965000000006 40.968676000000002)'), ('POINT (-74.668248000000006 42.372920000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.992476999999994 40.739109999999997)'), ('POINT (-74.131673000000006 44.326892000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.974738000000002 40.732664)'), ('POINT (-73.812349999999995 40.798867000000001)'), ('POINT (-78.641949999999994 42.991985)'), ('POINT (-73.962226999999999 40.778944000000003)'), ('POINT (-74.374174999999994 43.006495000000001)'), ('POINT (-77.095714000000001 43.041158000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.425764000000001 40.871898000000002)'), ('POINT (-73.466729000000001 44.708036)'), ('POINT (-73.978020999999998 40.686546999999997)'), ('POINT (-73.974082999999993 40.686098000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.971849000000006 40.602485000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.983153999999999 40.690553000000001)'), ('POINT (-77.052417000000005 42.143089000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.776431000000002 40.934483)'), ('POINT (-74.002019000000004 40.730927999999999)'), ('POINT (-73.772469999999998 42.264814000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.772876999999994 41.158641000000003)'), ('POINT (-72.296062000000006 41.002409)'), ('POINT (-74.021124999999998 41.933720000000001)'), ('POINT (-74.058107000000007 41.083153000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.967922999999999 40.801301000000002)'), ('POINT (-72.294278000000006 41.000610999999999)'), ('POINT (-76.499340000000004 42.438741999999998)'), ('POINT (-73.976597999999996 40.786610000000003)'), ('POINT (-73.988552999999996 40.703600000000002)'), ('POINT (-74.004855000000006 40.741959000000001)'), ('POINT (-73.844444999999993 40.925654999999999)'), ('POINT (-74.005101999999994 40.746654999999997)'), ('POINT (-73.937281999999996 42.819218999999997)'), ('POINT (-74.001677000000001 40.736243000000002)'), ('POINT (-73.684112999999996 40.981757000000002)'), ('POINT (-73.919064000000006 40.832836999999998)'), ('POINT (-78.885268999999994 42.944516)'), ('POINT (-72.299519000000004 40.994070999999998)'), ('POINT (-73.833477999999999 40.940247999999997)'), ('POINT (-73.695717000000002 41.783996999999999)'), ('POINT (-73.926891999999995 40.807422000000003)'), ('POINT (-74.085899999999995 41.747892999999998)'), ('POINT (-73.957583 41.417974999999998)'); ``` 3. Run the query below, which gathers the points into a single geometry using `ST_Union`, and converts the geometry to GeoJSON so that we can view it with [geojson.io](http://geojson.io/): ```sql theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-mocha","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}} WITH the_geoms_table AS ( SELECT st_union(st_geomfromtext(geom_text)) AS the_union FROM tmp ) SELECT st_asgeojson(the_union) FROM the_geoms_table; ``` ```json theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-mocha","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}} {"type":"MultiPoint","coordinates":[[-79.326158,42.102457],[-79.052966,43.105055],[-78.889482,42.924545],[-78.885419,42.906629],[-78.885269,42.944516],[-78.876722,42.922821],[-78.836257,42.960457],[-78.824476,42.754264],[-78.80979,42.845362],[-78.64195,42.991985],[-78.639557,43.001435],[-78.608047,42.767759],[-78.00206,42.718395],[-77.937476,43.218451],[-77.816855,42.795613],[-77.587307,43.159301],[-77.582923,43.154963],[-77.428917,43.212463],[-77.227362,43.063468],[-77.134634,42.961303],[-77.095714,43.041158],[-77.052417,42.143089],[-76.511525,43.456606],[-76.49934,42.438742],[-76.499137,42.440623],[-76.384369,43.034204],[-76.206724,43.102012],[-76.086753,44.242874],[-75.64756,44.590586],[-75.544407,42.826815],[-75.296575,43.098322],[-75.062138,42.454003],[-75.061371,41.608192],[-75.036815,42.448793],[-74.992647,43.01861],[-74.987,44.6699],[-74.860436,43.040708],[-74.670794,42.371472],[-74.668248,42.37292],[-74.374175,43.006495],[-74.131673,44.326892],[-74.119762,42.040447],[-74.117881,42.040733],[-74.093547,40.924698],[-74.085936,41.747742],[-74.0859,41.747893],[-74.080896,41.844256],[-74.076237,40.636749],[-74.058107,41.083153],[-74.03033,40.624714],[-74.024456,41.521117],[-74.021125,41.93372],[-74.020105,41.935105],[-74.009314,40.715324],[-74.007309,40.619892],[-74.005102,40.746655],[-74.004855,40.741959],[-74.003301,40.706866],[-74.00293,40.731849],[-74.002019,40.730928],[-74.001677,40.736243],[-74.001252,40.734977],[-74.001166,40.687367],[-73.998488,40.733796],[-73.996342,40.725087],[-73.99358,40.736569],[-73.993341,40.730011],[-73.993282,40.722833],[-73.992576,40.753692],[-73.992477,40.73911],[-73.9919,40.683962],[-73.99106,40.733919],[-73.990207,40.754969],[-73.989262,40.663339],[-73.989229,40.743865],[-73.989087,40.721902],[-73.988553,40.7036],[-73.983409,40.723255],[-73.983154,40.690553],[-73.982307,40.752575],[-73.98196,40.766441],[-73.980251,44.279377],[-73.979852,40.664328],[-73.978993,40.745124],[-73.978021,40.686547],[-73.976598,40.78661],[-73.976411,40.672562],[-73.974738,40.732664],[-73.974256,40.783758],[-73.974083,40.686098],[-73.971849,40.602485],[-73.967923,40.801301],[-73.967905,40.758033],[-73.965331,40.806129],[-73.964772,40.770072],[-73.96397,40.804767],[-73.962288,40.671321],[-73.962227,40.778944],[-73.96209,40.609226],[-73.960043,40.657589],[-73.957583,41.417975],[-73.957141,40.728864],[-73.955856,40.655028],[-73.955706,40.785203],[-73.954773,40.732668],[-73.952361,42.077744],[-73.95226,40.674119],[-73.949724,41.498104],[-73.942249,40.812187],[-73.939607,40.815913],[-73.938518,40.837735],[-73.937282,42.819219],[-73.937074,40.578499],[-73.928292,40.680907],[-73.926892,40.807422],[-73.923481,41.091296],[-73.919064,40.832837],[-73.919057,41.091125],[-73.918381,41.090746],[-73.914946,41.936037],[-73.914485,40.775554],[-73.913733,40.69823],[-73.909406,40.814979],[-73.9071,41.721613],[-73.903509,40.703226],[-73.903161,40.74493],[-73.900388,41.691189],[-73.900374,41.691662],[-73.875281,41.016383],[-73.865554,42.219304],[-73.862253,40.839613],[-73.844445,40.925655],[-73.842978,40.944998],[-73.839067,42.681878],[-73.834867,42.621579],[-73.833478,40.940248],[-73.81235,40.798867],[-73.806933,40.989788],[-73.804747,42.70956],[-73.794277,41.008797],[-73.793597,41.135866],[-73.787898,42.250467],[-73.785302,43.0818],[-73.776431,40.934483],[-73.772877,41.158641],[-73.77247,42.264814],[-73.760521,40.80965],[-73.75906,41.022123],[-73.711965,40.968676],[-73.698974,40.8325],[-73.698363,42.709778],[-73.695717,41.783997],[-73.686974,40.724902],[-73.684467,41.259498],[-73.684113,40.981757],[-73.635006,40.744909],[-73.601747,41.562685],[-73.596703,40.874966],[-73.59558,42.36321],[-73.553146,40.665826],[-73.551121,41.189729],[-73.504623,41.95286],[-73.49537,44.703318],[-73.487143,42.587166],[-73.466729,44.708036],[-73.425764,40.871898],[-73.379208,43.027712],[-72.390808,40.961892],[-72.354919,41.083875],[-72.299519,40.994071],[-72.296062,41.002409],[-72.294278,41.000611],[-72.185677,40.963122]]} ``` 4. Paste the JSON emitted in the previous step into [geojson.io](http://geojson.io/) and you should see an image like the following, which shows the location of [most of the independent bookstores in New York State](https://www.bookweb.org/member_directory/search/ABAmember/results/0/0/ny/0): ST_Union example 5. Finally, drop the temporary table if you no longer need it: ```sql theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-mocha","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}} DROP TABLE tmp; ``` ## See also * Export Spatial Data * Spatial tutorial * Spatial and GIS Glossary of Terms * Spatial indexes * Spatial functions * `ST_Covers` * `ST_CoveredBy` * `ST_Contains` * `ST_Within` * `ST_Intersects` * `ST_CoveredBy` * `ST_Covers` * `ST_Disjoint` * `ST_Equals` * `ST_Overlaps` * `ST_Touches` * `ST_ConvexHull` * Migrate from Shapefiles * Migrate from GeoJSON * Migrate from GeoPackage * Migrate from OpenStreetMap * [Introducing Distributed Spatial Data in CockroachDB](https://www.cockroachlabs.com/blog/spatial-data) (blog post) * Using GeoServer with CockroachDB