SHOW GRANTS

The SHOW GRANTS lists one of the following:

• The granted to in a cluster.
• The to on , , , , , or .

Syntax

Show privilege grants

Use the following syntax to show the privileges granted to users on database objects:

SHOW GRANTS [ON [DATABASE | FUNCTION | SCHEMA | TABLE | TYPE | EXTERNAL CONNECTION] <targets...>] [FOR <users...>]

The object-focused form (ON...) shows only privileges granted directly on the object. It does not resolve privileges inherited through role membership. The principal-focused form (FOR...) includes privileges inherited through role membership for the specified users and can be combined with ON... to filter by object. For an example of inherited grants, refer to Show direct and inherited grants. For inherited privileges, the grantee column reports the role that carries the privilege. To inspect role memberships, use SHOW GRANTS ON ROLE or .

When DATABASE is omitted, the schema, tables, and types in the are listed.

Show role grants

Use the following syntax to the show the role grants for users in a cluster.

SHOW GRANTS ON ROLE [<roles...] [FOR <users...>]

Parameters

Parameter	Description
targets	A comma-separated list of database, function, schema, table, or user-defined type names. If the function name is not unique, you must provide the full function signature. To list the privilege grants for all tables in the current database, you can use SHOW GRANTS ON TABLE \*.
users	A comma-separated list of the whose privileges or roles you want to show.
roles	A comma-separated list of the roles whose grants you want to show.

Response

Privilege grants

Results for SHOW GRANTS ON... without FOR list only direct grants on the object. Results for SHOW GRANTS... FOR <users> include privileges inherited through role membership for the specified users, and the grantee column can report roles that grant those privileges.

The SHOW GRANTS ON [DATABASE | FUNCTION | SCHEMA | TABLE | TYPE | EXTERNAL CONNECTION] statement can return the following fields, depending on the target object specified:

Field	Description
database\_name	The name of the database.
function\_name	The name of the user-defined function.
schema\_name	The name of the schema.
table\_name	The name of the table.
type\_name	The name of the user-defined type.
connection\_name	The name of the external connection.
grantee	The name of the user or role that the row reports privileges for. When you omit FOR, this is the direct grantee on the object and has the listed . When you use FOR, this can be a role that grants inherited privileges to the specified users.
privilege\_type	The name of the privilege.
is\_grantable	TRUE if the grantee has the grant option on the object; FALSE if not.

Role grants

The SHOW GRANTS ON ROLE statement returns the following fields:

Field	Description
role\_name	The name of the role.
member	The users in the role.
is\_admin	If true, the role is an role.

Required privileges

• No are required to view privileges granted to users.
• For SHOW GRANTS ON ROLES, the user must have the on the system table.

Examples

Show all grants

To list all grants for all users and roles on the current database and its tables:

> SHOW GRANTS;

  database_name |    schema_name     |                 object_name                 | object_type | grantee | privilege_type | is_grantable
----------------+--------------------+---------------------------------------------+-------------+---------+----------------+---------------
...
  movr          | public             | promo_codes                                 | table       | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public             | promo_codes                                 | table       | root    | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public             | rides                                       | table       | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public             | rides                                       | table       | root    | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public             | user_promo_codes                            | table       | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public             | user_promo_codes                            | table       | root    | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public             | users                                       | table       | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public             | users                                       | table       | root    | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public             | vehicle_location_histories                  | table       | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public             | vehicle_location_histories                  | table       | root    | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public             | vehicles                                    | table       | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public             | vehicles                                    | table       | root    | ALL            |      t
(609 rows)

Show a specific user or role’s grants

> CREATE USER max WITH PASSWORD roach;

> GRANT ALL ON DATABASE movr TO max WITH GRANT OPTION;

> SHOW GRANTS FOR max;

  database_name | schema_name | object_name | object_type | grantee | privilege_type | is_grantable
----------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+---------+----------------+---------------
  movr          | NULL        | NULL        | database    | max     | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | NULL        | schema      | public  | CREATE         |      f
  movr          | public      | NULL        | schema      | public  | USAGE          |      f
(3 rows)

Show grants on databases

Specific database, all users and roles:

> SHOW GRANTS ON DATABASE movr;

  database_name | grantee | privilege_type | is_grantable
----------------+---------+----------------+---------------
  movr          | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | max     | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public  | CONNECT        |      f
  movr          | root    | ALL            |      t
(4 rows)

Specific database, specific user or role:

> SHOW GRANTS ON DATABASE movr FOR max;

  database_name | grantee | privilege_type | is_grantable
----------------+---------+----------------+---------------
  movr          | max     | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public  | CONNECT        |      f
(2 rows)

Show grants on tables

> GRANT ALL ON TABLE users TO max WITH GRANT OPTION;

Specific table, all users and roles:

> SHOW GRANTS ON TABLE users;

  database_name | schema_name | table_name | grantee | privilege_type | is_grantable
----------------+-------------+------------+---------+----------------+---------------
  movr          | public      | users      | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | users      | max     | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | users      | root    | ALL            |      t
(3 rows)

Specific table, specific role or user:

> SHOW GRANTS ON TABLE users FOR max;

  database_name | schema_name | table_name | grantee | privilege_type | is_grantable
----------------+-------------+------------+---------+----------------+---------------
  movr          | public      | users      | max     | ALL            |      t
(1 row)

All tables, all users and roles:

> SHOW GRANTS ON TABLE *;

  database_name | schema_name |         table_name         | grantee | privilege_type | is_grantable
----------------+-------------+----------------------------+---------+----------------+---------------
  movr          | public      | promo_codes                | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | promo_codes                | root    | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | rides                      | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | rides                      | root    | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | user_promo_codes           | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | user_promo_codes           | root    | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | users                      | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | users                      | max     | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | users                      | root    | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | vehicle_location_histories | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | vehicle_location_histories | root    | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | vehicles                   | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | vehicles                   | root    | ALL            |      t
(13 rows)

All tables, specific users or roles:

> SHOW GRANTS ON TABLE * FOR max;

  database_name | schema_name | table_name | grantee | privilege_type | is_grantable
----------------+-------------+------------+---------+----------------+---------------
  movr          | public      | users      | max     | ALL            |      t
(1 row)

Show direct and inherited grants

In this example, a role has ALL on a table and a user inherits that role. The object-focused form (SHOW GRANTS ON...) lists only the direct role grant, while the principal-focused form (SHOW GRANTS... FOR <user>) lists the inherited privileges for the user.

CREATE ROLE analysts;
GRANT ALL ON TABLE users TO analysts;
CREATE USER priya;
GRANT analysts TO priya;

SHOW GRANTS ON TABLE users;

  database_name | schema_name | table_name | grantee  | privilege_type | is_grantable
----------------+-------------+------------+----------+----------------+---------------
  movr          | public      | users      | admin    | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | users      | analysts | ALL            |      f
  movr          | public      | users      | root     | ALL            |      t
(3 rows)

SHOW GRANTS ON TABLE users FOR priya;

  database_name | schema_name | table_name | grantee  | privilege_type | is_grantable
----------------+-------------+------------+----------+----------------+---------------
  movr          | public      | users      | analysts | ALL            |      f
(1 row)

Show grants on schemas

> CREATE SCHEMA cockroach_labs;

> GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA cockroach_labs TO max WITH GRANT OPTION;

Specific schema, all users or roles:

> SHOW GRANTS ON SCHEMA cockroach_labs;

  database_name |  schema_name   | grantee | privilege_type | is_grantable
----------------+----------------+---------+----------------+---------------
  movr          | cockroach_labs | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | cockroach_labs | max     | ALL            |      t
  movr          | cockroach_labs | root    | ALL            |      t
(3 rows)

Specific schema, specific users or roles:

> SHOW GRANTS ON SCHEMA cockroach_labs FOR max;

  database_name |  schema_name   | grantee | privilege_type | is_grantable
----------------+----------------+---------+----------------+---------------
  movr          | cockroach_labs | max     | ALL            |      t
(1 row)

Show grants on user-defined types

To show privileges on , use the following statements.

> CREATE TYPE status AS ENUM ('available', 'unavailable');

> GRANT ALL ON TYPE status TO max WITH GRANT OPTION;

Specific type, all users or roles:

> SHOW GRANTS ON TYPE status;

  database_name | schema_name | type_name | grantee | privilege_type | is_grantable
----------------+-------------+-----------+---------+----------------+---------------
  movr          | public      | status    | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | status    | max     | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | status    | public  | USAGE          |      f
  movr          | public      | status    | root    | ALL            |      t
(4 rows)

Specific type, specific users or roles:

> SHOW GRANTS ON TYPE status FOR max;

  database_name | schema_name | type_name | grantee | privilege_type | is_grantable
----------------+-------------+-----------+---------+----------------+---------------
  movr          | public      | status    | max     | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      | status    | public  | USAGE          |      f
(2 rows)

Show grants on user-defined functions

To show the grants defined on the num_users function created in , run:

SHOW GRANTS ON FUNCTION num_users;

  database_name | schema_name | routine_id | routine_signature | grantee | privilege_type | is_grantable
----------------+-------------+------------+-------------------+---------+----------------+---------------
  movr          | public      |     100118 | num_users()       | admin   | ALL            |      t
  movr          | public      |     100118 | num_users()       | public  | EXECUTE        |      f
  movr          | public      |     100118 | num_users()       | root    | ALL            |      t
(3 rows)

Show all grants on external connections

To show all grants defined on an , run:

SHOW GRANTS ON EXTERNAL CONNECTION my_backup_bucket;

  connection_name   |  grantee  | privilege_type | is_grantable
--------------------+-----------+----------------+-------------
  my_backup_bucket  | alice     | DROP           |     t
  my_backup_bucket  | alice     | USAGE          |     t
  my_backup_bucket  | max       | DROP           |     f
  my_backup_bucket  | max       | USAGE          |     f
  my_backup_bucket  | root      | ALL            |     f
(5 rows)

Show grants on external connections by user

To show the grants defined on an for a specific user, run:

SHOW GRANTS ON EXTERNAL CONNECTION my_backup_bucket FOR alice;

  connection_name   |  grantee  | privilege_type | is_grantable
--------------------+-----------+----------------+-------------
  my_backup_bucket  | alice     | DROP           |     t
  my_backup_bucket  | alice     | USAGE          |     t
(2 rows)

Show role memberships

> CREATE ROLE moderator;

> GRANT moderator TO max;

All members of all roles:

> SHOW GRANTS ON ROLE;

  role_name | member | is_admin
------------+--------+-----------
  admin     | root   |    t
  moderator | max    |    f
(2 rows)

Members of a specific role:

> SHOW GRANTS ON ROLE moderator;

  role_name | member | is_admin
------------+--------+-----------
  moderator | max    |    f
(1 row)

Roles of a specific user or role:

> SHOW GRANTS ON ROLE FOR max;

  role_name | member | is_admin
------------+--------+-----------
  moderator | max    |    f
(1 row)

See also